@article{Manitowabi_2021, title={Gambling with the Windigo: Theorizing Indigenous Casinos and Gambling in Canada}, volume={2}, url={https://criticalgamblingstudies.com/index.php/cgs/article/view/82}, DOI={10.29173/cgs82}, abstractNote={<p>The legacy of colonialism in Canada manifests through land dispossession, structural violence and assimilative policies. Casinos are an anomaly emerging in Canada, becoming major economic engines, generating capital for housing, education, health, and language and cultural rejuvenation programs. On the other hand, the literature on Indigenous casinos raises crucial questions about compromised sovereignty, addiction, and neocolonial economic and political entrapment. This article theorises Indigenous casinos as a modern expression of the <em>windigo</em>. In Algonquian oral history, the <em>windigo</em> is a mythic giant cannibal. The underlying meaning of the <em>windigo</em> is the consumption of Indigenous peoples leading to illness and death. One can become a <em>windigo</em> and consume others, and one must always be cautious of this possibility. I propose casinos and Indigenous-provincial gambling revenue agreements are modern-day <em>windigook</em> (plural form of <em>windigo</em>).  This framework provides an urgently needed new theorisation of casinos, grounded in Indigenous epistemology and ontology.</p>}, number={2}, journal={Critical Gambling Studies}, author={Manitowabi, Darrel}, year={2021}, month={Sep.}, pages={113–122} }